IMPACT OF ICT IN SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA

IMPACT OF ICT IN SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA

Background Of The Study

Insecurity in Nigeria is not a new phenomenon. High levels of insecurity have resulted in fatalities and psychological distress for individuals, with companies, government institutions, and the economy as a whole suffering greatly. This has posed a danger to national security, prompting the government to devote a significant portion of the national budget to security (Achumba, 2018). The Federal Republic of Nigeria's 1999 Constitution specifies explicitly that "the fundamental objective of government will be the security and wellbeing of the people(Nwanegbo, 2015). Unfortunately, the government has failed to ensure a secure and safe environment for people, property, and the conduct of commercial and economic operations, as required by the constitution(Achebe, 2015).  This has led to citizens imbibing much more security consciousness considering the threat by religious extremists to bring about greater insecurity than those that preceded them.  According to Achumba (2018), Nigeria has been facing insecurity problems as well as corruption problems. This can be seen by the recent missing mace, where the house of senate was stormed by supposedly armed men and the mace was hijacked from the midst of Nigerian senators (infoguidenigeria.com).

Additionally, a good number of terrorism and insurgency incidents, ranging from armed robbery in the time of Anini and Shina Rambo, through militancy that vandalized oil pipes and kidnapped foreigners, to the Boko Haram group, which is now listed among the likes of al-Qaeda and ISIS, have been recorded in Nigeria as one of the most deadly drivers of insecurity (Egbefo & Salihu, 2016).  In addition, other security indices also include the persistent tension between the north and the south of Nigeria, and growing unrest in the Niger Delta area and other parts of the country, resulting in a rise in violent incidents and kidnappings (Hazen & Horner, 2016).  Ethnic tensions, religious differences, unemployment, and numerous social and political grievances are all fueling the unrest in Nigeria, contributing to flash-points of violence and creating insecurity in the country (Onifade, 2019).

However, with the passage of the Anti-Terrorism Act in 2011, the federal government took steps to criminalize terrorism in order to reduce crime. Despite the government's efforts, the country's degree of insecurity remains high, as seen by Nigeria's poor rating in the Global Peace Index (GPI, 2012) cited Nwanegbo(2015). Most recently, the operations of bandits and thugs (commonly referred to as unknown gunmen) in the country have equally become a daily scenario as citizens are killed on a daily basis, communities are invaded, business entities suffer destruction, private and public infrastructures are destroyed massively, security officers are assassinated, and operation vehicles and other equipment are also vandalized(Harold, 2019).  Regrettably, in a dangerous and insecure atmosphere, no business investor, whether local or international, will be inspired to invest. In today's globalized world, investors want not just excellent returns on their assets, but also a secure environment in which to place them(Bright, 2018). As a result, Nigeria's worrying degree of insecurity has rendered the economy unappealing to SMEs and foreign investors and has delayed the pace of corporate activity, thus severely impacting economic growth and development.

Furthermore, this array of insecurity in Nigeria is not excluded from the tertiary institutions in the country. However, the nature of security challenges in Nigerian universities slightly differs from the forms of insecurity operations at the national level. Insecurity in tertiary institutions, as observed by Aderinto(2016), encompasses thuggery, kidnapping, student unrest, cultism, ritual killings, hacking of school information databases, and a high prevalence of malpractices.  Most of the Nigerian tertiary institutions are finding it pretty difficult to actualize their goals due to the incessant insecurity in the Nigerian state, as well as in the school's internal environment(Emaikwu, & Eba, 2015).  Under the present security situation in the country, effective teaching and learning cannot be realized.

The inevitable security issues leading to subsequent destruction of lives, properties, and disruption of academic activities and programs call for a holistic approach through effective use of information technology.  Although Nigeria has taken bold steps to settle its security issues through combat approach, there still exist several unresolved issues bordering the country's peaceful coexistence on one hand(Chika, 2017).  However, through the accurate mapping of contiguous areas using geospatial science and technology such as satellite remote sensing (RS), Geographic information Systems (GIS) and Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS), CCTVs could be deployed for effective security management in Nigeria(Onyenekenwa, 2015). Upon the aforementioned, this study tends to examine the impact of ICT in security management in university of Nigeria Nsukka.

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